Community Climate Change Adaptation: CARE leads the Way in Africa

Mahama Aminatu frying to survive

Mahama Aminatu, a 27-year old mother is a resident of Jawani, a farming community in the East Mampurusi District of the Northern Region of Ghana. It is about 68kms away from Gambaga, the district capital. Gambaga is an ancient town in Ghana and noted for the Witches Camp.

The Gambaga Witches Camp hosts about one hundred women mostly, old, widows and children who are banished from their communities with the accusation of witchcraft. The alleged witches in a deplorable conditions.

However, it is extremely hard to see Wizards (man accused of witchcraft in the camp). These women and children constituted the larger number of women and children callously accused, abused, marginalized and banished. Banishment is a popular punishment meted out to somebody or group who committed unpardonable crime such as murder. It is being practiced by some tribes in Northern Ghana.

Agriculture is the mainstay of the people of Jawani and adjoining communities. It has no electricity, running water or good road. It however has a health center, but lacks health workers. There is only one trained nurse in-charged of over 26,000 people made up of Jawani and its adjoining communities.

Malaria, malnutrition, snakebites are the commonest and frequent diseases recorded in the center. Maternal and infant deaths are relatively high. The clinic can only admit and handle minor sicknesses. The serious illnesses and those demanding surgical operations are referred to the Baptist Medical Center in Nalerigu, about 32kms. The clinic has no ambulance or vehicle to convene the sick. All of these referred cases are transported either on a motorbike or bicycle including women in labour.  

Aminatu, like other women in the community are responsible for the livelihood of the family. She is nursing a 2 Year old child, Ayeshitu. Ayeshitu like other children is malnourished and frequently fell ill.

“This year we had poor yields because of the rain failure”, Aminatu said as she stared straight into the frying pan.  Aminatu once lived in a town of Gambaga and learnt how to prepare local cakes with soy or babara beans. The fried cake is a delicacy to the villagers. It is uncommon to see this stuff often in a typical village like Jawani.

Aminatu told me her husband’s maize farm had failed because the rains failed to come in abundance this year. “There is no hope for now except we find one”, she said. She pulled a container to block Ayeshitu who was dangling closed to the fire. “Stand there, the oil will burn you if you come close” she commanded the two year old child while concentrating on the frying material. She just want to ensure it is perfectly fried. She knew her customers taste.  The frying of bean cake for sale is a coping strategy. The effects of climate change dealt a blow on their livelihood. Your farm failed so how are you going to manage through? I asked childishly. She smiled and said, we are used to it, and God will surely provide something. Aminatu accessed a loan facility from one of the VSLA groups in Jawani to start her frying business which is bringing in coins enough for a day or two expenses. She does not spend all the coins gathered but save part in the VSLA box (community bank).  

For now Aminatu and the entire family had no hope except to rely on the Heavenly intervention to make it through.  Aminatu will always come out to sit under this tree to fry daily to enable her gather some coins to be able to buy food for the family.

The plight of Aminatu’s family points out the devastating impact of climate change on livelihoods. Climate change is no more a new science. The new science certainly is about the options of adaptation techniques processes. Jawani certainly would need climate resilient agriculture policy intervention to escape this crisis.

Whether we accept the existence of climate change or not, vulnerable people like Aminatu definitely would need helping hands to cope. We must take action or perish in disease, thirst, drawn in floods or roast in extreme heat, and or starved in hunger. We must take action now or never. While we continue to drag our feet towards the mitigation and adaptation processes, the vulnerable people’s livelihoods continue to deteriorate.

What is important and urgent now is how to help this vulnerable groups build their adaptive capacities to reduce their vulnerabilities.

It is against this background that CARE INTERNATIONAL Adaptation Learning Programme in Africa (ALP) intervention in the hard to reach communities  in five  African countries is laudable and worthy of replication.

ALP has successively developed various models of adaptation strategies and trained communities to use of the models. Dubbed Community Based Adaptation (CBA), it uses simple approaches to teach basic climate science, livelihood diversification and coping strategies for vulnerable communities. ALP is being implemented in Kenya, Mozambique, Ghana, Niger.

ALP community adaptation models are working perfectly in communities because of the participatory approaches adopted. What is done in a classroom is being practicalize at the communities level. The most exciting aspect of the programme is that it uses local dialect as the means of communication, a methodology has worked well for the community. Unlike other programmes being implemented by NGOs and Governments, CARE CBA is participatory, combining indegenous knowledge to that of scienctific and academic.

“The fact that somebody cannot read and write does not mean he/she cannot reason too. These people have knowledge and coping indegenous strategies but what we need to do is to combine the two and allow the communities to chose the best options”, Says, Francis Avura, the Advocacy andgovernance officer of CARE Ghana.  

The CBA models he said combine the two strategies and that encouraged massive local participation and adoption. He wished NGOs and governements in the project implementing countries would find them good to adopt and integrate them into national and local level development planning.

community taking through planning, adaptation strategies and climate science by M$E officer of Care Ghana, Thomas Ayamga

Community Adaptation strategies (CARE’s models)

The CBA processes are currently being used by the communities in ALP operational communities in Ghana. ALP communities are five deprived communities each in the West Mampurusi and Garu-Tampane districts in the Northern and Upper East regions of Ghana, ALP intervention is yielding positive result with adoption of the community adaptation models such as the Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP), Village Savings and Loans (VSLA), Community Adaptation Action Plans (CAAPs) and Community Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (CVCA).

Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP)

This is a weather information dissemination techniques that uses both indigenous weather prediction knowledge and scientific weather forecasts. Under the PSP, the project works in partnership with the Ghana Meteorological agency (GMET) at the community level. The agency and communities share their predictions on when to expect rains: onset, drought spell, normal and abnormal. This enables farmers and the communities at large to plan their farming activities. In all the ALP communities rain gauges are installed and manage by the community monitors who record the data and send to the GMET for analysis and predictions.

Village Savings and Loans (VSLA)

Community analyzed their current situation

This is often called community banking. The VSLA are introduced to encouraged community savings and banking. The loans are advanced to the group members, majority of who are women for petty trading with an interest rate of 10%. The savings are helping community members to pay their children school fees, buy food, establish scale businesses and for emergence purposes. Each group has what they termed emergence fund that seems to be helping members in terms of need. Most young girls do not leave the communities to urban centers to undertake head porter job to be able to buy their needs. It has also encouraged communities’ savings.

Climate Vulnerabilities and Capacity Analysis (CVCA)

This technique is a data gathering tool used to assess the vulnerability of the community using community hazards mapping (identification of resources, diseases, flood prone area, changes of seasons, livelihood etc) this enables the community to develop disaster risk reduction plans to deal with the issue.

Community Adaptation Action Plans (CAAPs)

The communities use this techniques to plan for community needs and need projects. All the ALP communities in Ghana have since developed their community development plans and presented to the local governments authorities for action. Before ALP the local authorities decide which project should be executed at which communities most of which did not meet the need project of the communities. The project also work closely with the department of agriculture that provide improved seeds for farmers. Improved seeds such drought tolerant, disease resistant, high yielding and early maturing crops have adopted. Farmers particularly those in the Upper East have adopted the dry seasoning gardening (onions) that has helped reduce the poverty level among the households.

The CAAPs is also an advocacy tool use by the communities to access their priority needs from any decentralized departments. Currently ALP communities worked directly with the local government authorities on their need project. Decision making in ALP communities are not a preserve of men only but both men and women. Some communities, women are chosen as leaders (community monitors), chiefs and group leaders.

The models are simple and easy. What are currently working is to ensure these models are integrated into

flood in northern Ghana; Credit Npong Francis

the local and national development planning, says, ALP Manager, Romanus Gyang. He said impact of ALP on social cohesion, livelihood diversification, community planning and decision making, advocacy and weather prediction cannot be overlooked. “We need to offer the same opportunities to other communities to benefit” he said.

The National Advocacy Manager of CARE Ghana, Baba Tuahiru said the government of Ghana was responding positively on the integration of CBA into national and community level planning.  “ALP is household name in Ghana. It got us into the National Steering Committee as a member on Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP), the government of Ghana Climate change programme where we offer technical advice to the committee”, he said.

Madam Fiona Percy who was impressed after making a field visit to the ALP communities said, “Evidence of ALP impact is visibly clear: women in active decision making, changed livelihoods, community plans and banking, collaboration between communities and local government authorities, adoption of improved seeds and best agronomic practices as coping strategies ar clear evidence that CBA is working”, she said.

At the Annual meeting in Bolgatanga in the Upper East region of Ghana, ALP project officers from Kenya, Ghana, Mozambique, and Niger met to review the project and to assess the impact of the project on community adaptation.   CARE currently leads the pack in community adaptation with easy and adoptable tools for all (literates and illiterates). The models developed have been tried and tested and proven reliable. the tools used are a must adoptable if Africa is to make headway in climate change adaptation. The evidence of positive impact of CBA on community livelihoods adaptation was massive and makes CBA tools the best option for the vulnerable communities. CARE is the first NGO to have successful developed community climate change adaptation models that worked well. However, the programme is limited to few communities and would worthy of adoption by other NGOs in climate change adaptation programmes and governments at large. Like Aminatu who accessed loan facility from the VSLA to start a business, other communities would have that opportunity to diversify their livelihoods if given the training and capacity building using CARE’ CBA models and tools.

WB Official Faults Africa Scientists over Appalling Deprivation

Francis Npong. Yaoude, Cameroon- The World Bank (WB) Senior Economist Dr. Hippolyte Fofack has blamed Africa deprivation, worsening socio-economic and inequality on the regional scientists.

According to him, the relevance of Africa science to the development of the continent was in doubt and research findings questionable.

Speaking in an exclusive interview with the Enquirer during the just ended climate change adaptation workshop held in Yaounde, Cameroon, a Senior Economist at the World Bank Dr. Hippolyte Fofack categorically said he does not see and recognize the revelance of Africa science to the socio-economic development of the region.

He said that scientists in Africa were concentrating so much on their personal academic achievements rather than working to change the appalling situation of deprivation the people in Africa were facing with.

"Materials for the majority of vaccines and drugs were taken from the continent by the European scientists. It is about time scientists here thought about the solution based researches",  he said.

He observed that, there was a total disconnect  between science academies and the people on the continent adding that Africa science has been reduced to publishing of journals for academic achievements rather than finding solutions to the prevailing problems on the continent.
"No research by Africa scientists has proven to be a solution to any of the existing problems", he said.

The World Bank official said that in the wake of climate change the prevailing problems in Africa would worsen and would need solution based scientific research to help in adaptation processess.

Dr. Fofack stressed that the meraid of socio -economic, health and widening  inequilities on the region existed because of the inabilities of the regional scientists to conduct relevance scientific research and propose practical solutions to the identified problems. "Nobody should be developing malaria drugs for Africa but it is sad that this is happening", he bemoaned.

He expressed his disappointment an dissatisfaction to the activities of Africa scientists saying "their science activities have not helped the region out of any of its problems.

"Most of the scientific findings done by scientists in Africa are mostly literature reviews. They dont proposed practical solutions to the problems in the region", he said.

He said climate change would worsens the regional situations if nothing is done.

Dr. Fofack who early addressed Africa scientists as a gust speaker also blamed the region's deprivation on poor resource management and utilization and bad governance.

But Professor Ralp Mills Tetteh, the Honory Secretary of the Ghana Academy of Art and Sciences disagreed with Dr. Fofack assertion that Africa science was irrelevant.

He said that Africa scientists luck necessary financial and political support to act effectively. He said the science academies have a lot in stock but luck political support to implement most of their research findings.

Prof. Mills Tetteh said the relevance of Africa science would be visible if they get support from the political leadership.
He urged effective collaboration between the scientific community and political leadership in Africa to push for solution to some of prevailing situations.

The workshop which was organised by the Network of Africa Science Academies (NASAC) was to draft a climate change adaptation policy guide for policy makers in Africa.

It was also to encourage science academies in Africa to work togather to find lasting and practicable ways for Africa adaptation to the impact of climate change on livelihoods.

This is aimed to reduce the vulnerability of the continent to the effects of climate change.

The programme Coordinator of NASAC Madam Jackie Olang said NASAC was formed to bring togather research and science academies for a coordinated and collaborated efforts to find lasting solution to some of the problems in Africa using scientific means.

She explained that the workshop was aimed to share scientific information and ideas about adaptation to the expected change of climate in Africa.

It was also to identify science based recommendations o climate change adaptation strategies for policy makers, determine the role of science academies in the development of climate change adaptation strategies and to foster the exchange between African and other scientists working in the area of climate change.

She said climate change impact on the poor continent would be greatly felt that it needs urgent attention and collaborative efforts from policy makers and scientific communities to deal with it.

The workshop that brought science academies, research institutions and universities from across Africa also discussed how to improve food securities and increase resilience. The workshop was funded by the German ministry of Education.

Ghana Launches Climate Change Policy Document Soon

 Accra-Ghana: The goverment of Ghana led by the president John Draimani Mahama would soon launch the national climate policy guide document as part of efforts to build national resilience to reduce vulnerabilities. Ghana is among the fewer Africa nations that developed climate change policy guidelines to help in adaptation resilience building.

This policy was prepared in collaboration with the civil society organizations. The floods that wrecked northern Ghana in 2008 followed by prolonged drought served basis for national response. These floods claimed many lives destroyed properties and including farms and displaced thousands of the poor and vulnerable.

The Director incharge of Environment and Climate Change  at the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI), Mr. Fredua Agyemeng who made this known during a learning and sharing forum on climate change organised by CARE International in Accra said the policy contained effective adaptation guideline, social intervention and mitigation plans.

When launched the policy would be integrated into the national development plan both at the national and local levels, he said.

The workshop dubbed learning and sharing forum on climate change adaptation was aimed to deliberate and reflect on the activities of Care International community adaptation and make recommendations and changes if the need be.

It brought over hundred participants from the civil society organizations working in the area of climate change, sanitation, environment, development and livelihood and empowerment.

He hinted that anytime soon the president would outdoor the policy and demand the mainstreaming of the policy in all development planning both at national a.nd local levels. He said the proposed action plans are backed by budgetary allocations.

Mr. Agyemeng said the policy prioritized energy, infrastructure,  natural resources management and disaster risks reduction and preparedness as adaptation process.

Ghana he said is among the few African countries to draft climate change adaptation policy and that government was ready to put the plan into action to help reduce vulnerabilities at both communities and national levels.

The about 60 page policy document the Director disclosed focuses on building climate resilience in agriculture, food security, and disaster reduction and responsive plans, energy and infrastructure.

The government he said is involving all the 216 Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies planning officers to ensure that climate policies are integrated into the local development plans.

Mr. Agyemeng said the only way to reduce the government expenditure in repairing infrastructure was to develop climate resilience economy.

He stressed that the impact of climate change on social, economic, and infrastructure development would be greatly felt in the near future. The policy he said is the responses to climate change policy.

The country Director of Care International Mr. Phil Christensen said the impact of climate change would be unbearable if nothing is done.

He said Care International was working in collaboration with other organizations to influence policy at the national level.

He said Care has developed community climate change adaptation and other learning  models at the community level. He urged effective collaboration between the government, civil society organizations working in the area of climate change.
He observed that climate change is a new phenomenon that experts in the field to help in adaptation process.

Community Climate Change Adaptation: CARE leads the Way in Africa

Mahama Aminatu frying to survive

Mahama Aminatu, a 27-year old mother is a resident of Jawani, a farming community in the East Mampurusi District of the Northern Region of Ghana. It is about 68kms away from Gambaga, the district capital. Gambaga is an ancient town in Ghana and noted for the Witches Camp.

The Gambaga Witches Camp hosts about one hundred women mostly, old, widows and children who are banished from their communities with the accusation of witchcraft. The alleged witches live in deplorable conditions.

However, it is extremely hard to see Wizards (man accused of witchcraft in the camp). These women and children constituted the larger number of women and children callously accused, abused, marginalized and banished. Banishment is a popular punishment meted out to somebody or group who committed unpardonable crime such as murder. It is being practiced by some tribes in Northern Ghana.

Agriculture is the mainstay of the people of Jawani and adjoining communities. It has no electricity, portable drinking water or good road. It however has a health center, but lacks health workers. There is only one trained nurse in-charged of over 26,000 people made up of Jawani and its adjoining communities.

Malaria, malnutrition, snakebites are the commonest and frequent diseases recorded in the center. Maternal and infant deaths are relatively high. The clinic can only admit and handle minor sicknesses. The serious illnesses and those demanding surgical operations are referred to the Baptist Medical Center in Nalerigu, about 32kms. The clinic has no ambulance or vehicle to convene the sick. All of these referred cases are transported either on a motorbike or bicycle including women in labour.  

Aminatu, like other women in the community are responsible for the livelihood of the family. She is nursing a 2 Year old child, Ayeshitu. Ayeshitu like other children is malnourished and frequently fell ill.

“This year we had poor yields because of the rain failure”, Aminatu said as she stared straight into the frying pan.  Aminatu once lived in a town of Gambaga and learnt how to prepare local cakes with soy or babara beans. The fried cake is a delicacy to the villagers. It is uncommon to see this stuff often in a typical village like Jawani.

Aminatu told me her husband’s maize farm had failed because the rains failed to come in abundance this year. “There is no hope for now except we find one”, she said. She pulled a container to block Ayeshitu who was dangling closed to the fire. “Stand there, the oil will burn you if you come close” she commanded the two year old child while concentrating on the frying material. She just want to ensure it is perfectly fried. She knew her customers taste.  The frying of bean cake for sale is a coping strategy. The effects of climate change dealt a blow on their livelihood. Your farm failed so how are you going to manage through? I asked childishly. She smiled and said, we are used to it, and God will surely provide something. 

"i am however part of the community banking system, thanks to ALP support. all is not lost yet", Aminatu is part of one of the village savings and loan (VSLA) group in Jawani. 

For now Aminatu and the entire family had no hope except to rely on the Heavenly intervention and VSLA to make it through.  Aminatu will always come out to sit under this tree to fry daily to enable her gather some coins to be able to buy food for the family.

The plight of Aminatu’s family points out the devastating impact of climate change on livelihoods. Climate change is no more a new science. The new science certainly is about the options of adaptation techniques processes.

Jawani certainly would need climate resilient agriculture policy intervention to escape this crisis.

Whether we accept the existence of climate change or not, vulnerable people like Aminatu definitely would need helping hands to cope. We must take action or perish in disease, thirst, drawn in floods or roast in extreme heat, and or starved in hunger. We must take action now or never. While we continue to drag our feet towards the mitigation and adaptation processes, the vulnerable people’s livelihoods continue to deteriorate.

What is important and urgent now is how to help this vulnerable groups build their adaptive capacities to reduce their vulnerabilities.

It is against this background that CARE INTERNATIONAL Adaptation Learning Programme in Africa (ALP) intervention in the hard to reach communities  in five  African countries is laudable and worthy of replication.

ALP has successively developed various models of adaptation strategies and trained communities to use of the models. Dubbed Community Based Adaptation (CBA), it uses simple approaches to teach basic climate science, livelihood diversification an

community taking through planning, adaptation strategies and climate science by M$E officer of Care Ghana, Thomas Ayamga

d coping strategies for vulnerable communities.

Community Adaptation strategies (CARE’s models)

The CBA processes are currently being used by the communities in ALP operational communities in Ghana. ALP communities are five deprived communities each in the West Mampurusi and Garu-Tampane districts in the Northern and Upper East regions of Ghana, ALP intervention is yielding positive result with adoption of the community adaptation models such as the Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP), Village Savings and Loans (VSLA), Community Adaptation Action Plans (CAAPs) and Community Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (CVCA).

Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP)

This is a weather information dissemination techniques that uses both indigenous weather prediction knowledge and scientific weather forecasts. Under the PSP, the project works in partnership with the Ghana Meteorological agency (GMET) at the community level. The agency and communities share their predictions on when to expect rains: onset, drought spell, normal and abnormal. This enables farmers and the communities at large to plan their farming activities. In all the ALP communities rain gauges are installed and manage by the community monitors who record the data and send to the GMET for analysis and predictions.

Village Savings and Loans (VSLA)

Community analyzed their current situation

This is often called community banking. The VSLA are introduced to encouraged community savings and banking. The loans are advanced to the group members, majority of who are women for petty trading with an interest rate of 10%. The savings are helping community members to pay their children school fees, buy food, establish scale businesses and for emergence purposes. Each group has what they termed emergence fund that seems to be helping members in terms of need. Most young girls do not leave the communities to urban centers to undertake head porter job to be able to buy their needs. It has also encouraged communities’ savings.

Climate Vulnerabilities and Capacity Analysis (CVCA)

This technique is a data gathering tool used to assess the vulnerability of the community using community hazards mapping (identification of resources, diseases, flood prone area, changes of seasons, livelihood etc) this enables the community to develop disaster risk reduction plans to deal with the issue.

Community Adaptation Action Plans (CAAPs)

The communities use this techniques to plan for community needs and need projects. All the ALP communities in Ghana have since developed their community development plans and presented to the local governments authorities for action. Before ALP the local authorities decide which project should be executed at which communities most of which did not meet the need project of the communities. The project also work closely with the department of agriculture that provide improved seeds for farmers. Improved seeds such drought tolerant, disease resistant, high yielding and early maturing crops have adopted. Farmers particularly those in the Upper East have adopted the dry seasoning gardening (onions) that has helped reduce the poverty level among the households.

The CAAPs is also an advocacy tool use by the communities to access their priority needs from any decentralized departments. Currently ALP communities worked directly with the local government authorities on their need project. Decision making in ALP communities are not a preserve of men only but both men and women. Some communities, women are chosen as leaders (community monitors), chiefs and group leaders.

The models are simple and easy. What are currently working is to ensure these models are integrated into

flood in northern Ghana; Credit Npong Francis

the local and national development planning, says, ALP Manager, Romanus Gyang. He said impact of ALP on social cohesion, livelihood diversification, community planning and decision making, advocacy and weather prediction cannot be overlooked. “We need to offer the same opportunities to other communities to benefit” he said.

The National Advocacy Manager of CARE Ghana, Baba Tuahiru said the government of Ghana was responding positively on the integration of CBA into national and community level planning.  “ALP is household name in Ghana. It got us into the National Steering Committee as a member on Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP), the government of Ghana Climate change programme where we offer technical advice to the committee”, he said.

Madam Fiona Percy who was impressed after making a field visit to the ALP communities said, “Evidence of ALP impact is visibly clear: women in active decision making, changed livelihoods, community plans and banking, collaboration between communities and local government authorities, adoption of improved seeds and best agronomic practices as coping strategies ar clear evidence that CBA is working”, she said.

At the Annual meeting in Bolgatanga in the Upper East region of Ghana, ALP project officers from Kenya, Ghana, Mozambique, and Niger met to review the project and to assess the impact of the project on community adaptation.   CARE currently leads the pack in community adaptation with easy and adoptable tools for all (literates and illiterates). The models developed have been tried and tested and proven reliable. the tools used are a must adoptable if Africa is to make headway in climate change adaptation. The evidence of positive impact of CBA on community livelihoods adaptation was massive and makes CBA tools the best option for the vulnerable communities.

Adopt Bioscience to Increase Food Production

By: Francis Npong

Professor Walter S. Alhassan, a member of Bioscience for Farming in Africa’s Scientific Advisory Group (B4FA-SAG) has said It is relevant for Africa to rely on bioscience and new technologies to boost her agriculture.

Bioscience, he explained is not about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) but scientific and new agriculture technologies that are proven to be effective and efficient in food production and processing.

Prof. Alhassan in an exclusive interview with the Enquirer during the 6th Africa Science Week Conference held in Accra which sought to find lasting innovative ways to increase food production in Africa said, Africa weakness in food production is not about the lack of lands or human resources but the failure to combine conventional, scientific, research and development in agriculture.

He said Africa has not been able to move forward in agriculture because of inconsistent funding of agriculture research and development. Scientific or bioscience, Prof Alhassan explained to the Enquirer is methods of maximizing production with deployment of few inputs.

He said that, though the conventional crop breeding system is still viable but when it is combined with new found agriculture technologies, it could be more effective.

Africa, he observed though is endowed with vast lands and human resources it was still faced with low productivity as a result of poor yields.

The problem of poor yield he said is a combination of factors including poor seeds, infertile lands, crops diseases or the combination of all these factors.

Prof. Alhassan pointed out that for Africa to be able to feed itself well there was the need to deal with the factors mentioned above and that could easily be done with the adoption of bioscience technologies, he said.

In spite of it’s vast lands and relatively good weather, Africa still faced with the problem of food insecurity. This often trigger mass exodus of the youth from rural communities to urban centres to create not urban slums but also streetism, armed robbery, prostitution, conflict among other social vices.

Prof. Alhassa however stated that the problem of food insecurity could be properly tackled by the use of bioscience and new agriculture technologies such as crops modified scientifically to be drought, diseases and pests resistant crops, high yielding and nutritious crops to also deal with malnutrition in Africa. “Bioscience can change the story of Africa food production when effectively deployed”, he said.

The campaign for adoption of bioscience to boost food production has met with stiffer opposition from both scholar and religious groups because of the fears of health risks associated with the use of bioscience technologies in crops.

For example genetically modified crops they claimed pose cancer risks to human beings. However, all these claims about the negative effects of GMOs have not been scientifically proven.

Prof. Alhassan said the bioscience technologies is one of the effective option that could help Africa produce enough to feed itself in the next 10 years to come and that failure to pay attention to the development of agriculture could spell doom for the continent in future as its population increases rapidly. The UN estimated that the world population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050 and that there was the need to step up food production to meet the daily food needs of the increasing population.

Also published in The Enquirer 7 Aug. 2013 page 3.

Rural Farmers Diversify livelihood

.cultivate export crop

FARMERS in Tamaligu, a farming community in the Savelugu-Nanton District of the Northern Region have resorted to the cultivation of exports crops as part of livelihood diversification process-thanks to the Northern Rural Growth Programme (NRGP).

Last year for instance, farmers in this community exported about 15 tons of butter nut squash and cash in thousands of Ghana cedis after the NRGP introduced irrigation for dry season farming and butter nut squash crop to these farmers. This was harvested in a 15 acres land cultivated by a group of farmers with technical, and irrigation facilities support from NRGP.

“It was easy to transport the commodity to the market because of the access road. Our road that used to be un-motorable has also been paved by the NRGP linking us to various market centers and cities where the demand for farm produces are high’ says a farmer.
Butter nut squash, also known as butternut pumpkin, is a type of fruit or vegetable that has a yellowish skin and pulp with a sweet taste when it is well-ripen.

It can be eaten either by roasting, toasted or mixed into soup or other food. The crop is also noted for its high level of vitamins, fibre, potassium and other essential nutrients.

It is a popular vegetable in Europe and was introduced in Ghana to rural farmers by the Northern Rural Growth Programme (NRGP) in partnership with the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA). The NRGP and SADA, both the government of Ghana’s initiatives aimed to improve the livelihoods of rural northern farmers and bridge the development gap between the north and south are impacting positively in the lives of poor farmers in region.

The butter nut squash is suitable for savannah soil and needs little water for production. However, the changes in rainfall pattern as a result of climate change in northern Ghana favours the production of crops such as butter nut squash.

The crop is in high demand in Europe because of its nutritional value and rural farmers in Ghana are taking advantage of the long drought to grow butter nut squash for export during dry season.

Speaking in an interview with the Enquirer,  the Secretary to Suglo-Viela Farmers Group in Tamaligu, Ibrahim Mohammed Muniru said NRGP trained them from the land preparation stage through to the farm management and to harvesting and packaging of the butternut squash for export.

“We have realized that the production of butternut squash can improve our livelihoods activities so we adopted it”, he said. He said the diversification of their livelihoods became necessary because of the consistent failure of the traditional crops and unpredictable rainfall patterns.

He said in addition to the cultivation of butternut squash, the NRGP had also supported the farmers in Tamaligu to cultivate maize, sorghum, soya beans and vegetables both in the dry and raining seasons. “We are busy all year round live in the community is getting more meaningful and better”, he stressed.

He said last year for instance, they cultivated about 300 acres of maize, 30 acres of sorghum and 50 acres of soya beans and hoped to improve on this in the next two years.

Farmer group was formed through the NRGP and comprises 76 farmers out of which 41 are females. The group was linked to a commercial farmer, one  Mr Mahama Alhassan through whom the NRGP channeled its support to them.

The secretary said the commercial farmer aided them to acquire irrigation pumps from the NRGP at a subsidized cost under the NRGP’s matching grants scheme.
“We are to pay a part of the cost of the machines and the NRGP would also pay a part,” he explained.

Mr Mahama Alhassan, the commercial farmer told the Enquirer that the farmers have been trained and acquired the requisite knowledge to cultivate butternut squash that meet international standard. Mr. Alhassan opearates, the Savannah Agro-business Services, that renders services to farmers. He said farmers now have the capacity to produce more of these crops but would need a sustainable market with a good price for their produces to remain self-sustained and food secured.

He appealed to the NRGP to construct a warehouse for the community to enable them store their maize due to the huge volumes that was being produced by the farmers.

Focus on Develop’t of Root and Tuber Crops, Prz Mahama urges Scientists

Francis Npong, Acccra, Ghana: The president of the Republic of Ghana president John Draimani Mahama has said that root and tuber crops provide great opportunities for long-term poverty alleviation and food security in Africa and urged researchers to focus on the development of these crops to help reduce poverty among poor and vulnerable families in Africa.

According to the president improving competitiveness of root and tuber crops would help reduce poverty not only in Ghana but Africa at large. He said about that 80 percent of people living in rural communities depended on agriculture as a source of livelihood in which root and tuber constitute the chunk of food stuff consumed.

“Root and tuber crops (sweet potato, cassava, and yams) provide great opportunities for long-term poverty alleviation and food security much more than any other staple foods produced in the African, Caribbean and Pacific regions,”, said the president.

Delivering a speech on behalf of the president at the 12th Symposium organized by the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch (ISTRC-AB) in Accra by Mr. Mohammed Alfa, the Deputy Minister of Environment Science and Technology the president said root and tuber crops have the potential to increase food security.  

The 12th ISTRC Symposium was supported by the government of Ghana, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), IITA, CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Banana, Harvest Plus, African Development Bank-funded Support for Agricultural Research and Development of Strategic Crops (SARD SC) project, IITA-Yams Improvement for Incomes and Food Security in West Africa (YIIFSWA), Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike; the Federal Government of Nigeria, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),  International Potato Center (CIP)  among other organizations and aimed to develop agriculture in Africa.

Dr. Richard Okechuku, IITA Cassava project Coordinator

The symposium provided opportunity to scientists and development partners to re-examine the competitiveness of root and tuber crops to harness their potential to accelerate Africa economic growth and food security.

Dr Nzola Mahungu, ISTRC-AB President, said, “Root and tuber crops play an important role in ensuring food security in Africa, and we must tap the opportunities of these crops to increase food security in Africa”

He said the root and tuber crops are widely consumed across Africa and could play a key role in providing incomes generation for farmers. According to him, cassava as a tuber crop was a source of livelihood for over 300 million people in Africa but was less affected by climate change.

He said the root crops have become increasingly important because its ability to withstand drought and grow on soils with marginal fertility. “But the potentials of these crops are yet to be fully exploited,” Dr Mahungu pointed out.

The Deputy Director General (Partnerships and Capacity Development) of IITA, Dr Kenton Dashiell stressed that mobilizing investors for sustainable root and tuber crops research and development was crucial to the fight against food insecurity in Africa. He said the rising unemployment food insecurity could easily be solved by harnessing full potentials of root and tuber crops. “If properly harnessed, the root and tuber crops development can help to enagege the number of unemployed youths in the continent”, he said.

He called on scientists to ensure that their research outputs were creating the desired change both the community and farm levels and address the constraints in agriculture development.

people picking pieces of broken Yams after accident

 The programme that brought over 200 local and international scientists, donors, farmers, and other development partners also discussed interesting topics including African root crops trade and market scenarios, Policies favorable to competitiveness of root crops in Africa, African scenario on production and utilization of root and tuber crops, Business and investment scenarios on competitiveness of root crops in Africa—benchmarking Latin American, Asian and European markets (Learning from Latin American, Asian & European industries).

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